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Grammatical commodity in English

The () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, nether discussion, unsaid or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. The is the virtually frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have plant it to account for 7 percent of all printed English-language words.^[one] It is derived from gendered manufactures in Quondam English which combined in Middle English and now has a unmarried form used with pronouns of whatsoever gender.^[a] The word can exist used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a substantive that starts with whatever letter of the alphabet. This is dissimilar from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In almost dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant audio, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel audio or used as an emphatic form.^[two]

Modern American and New Zealand English accept an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even before a vowel.^{[3] [4]}

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the expert", not only "an" practiced in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Employ of articles". The, equally in phrases similar "the more than the better", has a singled-out origin and etymology and by chance has evolved to be identical to the definite commodity.^[v]

Article

The and that are common developments from the same Former English organization. Old English had a definite commodity se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Middle English, these had all merged into þe, the antecedent of the Modernistic English word the.^[6]

Geographic usage

An area in which the employ or non-employ of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mount ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and so on – are more often than not used with a "the" definite article (the Rhine, the North Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements mostly do not take a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Austria (but the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the County of York), Madrid).
• showtime with a common noun followed by of may take the commodity, every bit in the Island of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Isle), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge Academy, but the University of Cambridge.
• Some identify names include an article, such as the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Village (NJ), The Hamlet (OK), The Villages, The Hamlet at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West Terminate, the Eastward Finish, The Hague, or the Metropolis of London (but London). Formerly eastward.g. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[seven]
• more often than not described singular names, the North Island (New Zealand) or the West Country (England), have an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, most exclude "the" but there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective common nouns such every bit "kingdom", "republic", "union", etc.: the Fundamental African Republic, the Dominican Democracy, the United states of america, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Marriage, the United Arab Emirates, including most country full names:^{[viii] [9]} the Czech Republic (but Czech republic), the Russian Federation (only Russian federation), the Principality of Monaco (but Monaco), the State of israel (merely State of israel) and the Republic of Australia (simply Australia).^{[10] [eleven] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Singular derivations from "island" or "land" that concur administrative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Isle and Norfolk Island – do not accept a "the" definite commodity.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, fifty-fifty for atypical, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in pass up, The Republic of the gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentine republic is considered one-time-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to as the Ukraine, a usage that was mutual during the 20th Century, peradventure originating with Ukrainian immigrant scholars not fluent in English referring to the country equally so.^[xiv] Sudan (but the Republic of the Sudan) and S Sudan (but the Republic of South Sudan) are written present without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the nigh ofttimes used words in English language, at diverse times short abbreviations for it have been institute:

• Barred thorn: the earliest abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the Old English language. It is the letter of the alphabet þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript e or t) announced in Middle English language manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and announced in Early Mod manuscripts and in print (run into Ye form).

Occasional proposals have been fabricated by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their archetype printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter like to Ħ to represent "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[xv]

In Middle English language, the (þe) was frequently abbreviated every bit a þ with a small east higher up it, similar to the abridgement for that, which was a þ with a small t above it. During the latter Middle English language and Early Mod English language periods, the letter of the alphabet thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. Every bit a event, the utilise of a y with an due east above it () every bit an abbreviation became common. This can still be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the Male monarch James Version of the Bible in places such as Romans 15:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y audio, even when so written.

The give-and-take "The" itself, capitalised, is used every bit an abbreviation in Commonwealth countries for the honorific title "The Correct Honourable", equally in e.m. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", brusque for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[xvi]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Alphabetic character Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh Academy Press. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.ane." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Spider web. 11 March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is information technology chosen The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to apply".
9. ^ "FAO Country Profiles". world wide web.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN Earth Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. eight–ix. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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